a. The gathering of specimens of ore or wall rock for appraisal of an
orebody. Since the average of many samples may be used, representative
sampling is crucial. The term is usually modified to indicate the mode or
locality; e.g., hand sampling, mine sampling, and channel sampling.
AGI
b. Cutting a representative part of an ore (or coal) deposit, which should
truly represent its average value. Most usually a trenchlike cut 4 in
(10.2 cm) wide and 2 in (5.1 cm) deep is cut into the clean face of ore
(or coal) and across its course. Honest sampling requires good judgment
and practical experience. Weed, 2
c. Selecting a certain fractional part of ore or coal from cars, stock
piles, etc., for analysis. Fay
d. Separation of a representative fraction of ore, pulp, or any product
for testing or checking purposes. Pryor, 2
Collection devices that use a pump to draw the contaminated air into a
contaminant bag. The entire sampling bag containing the contaminated air
is sent to the laboratory for analysis. MSHA, 5
A device to determine the methane or dust concentration in mine air to
assess safety and health. Instruments are designed to sample
instantaneously, or over short periods, or to operate continuously. For
methane, warning is required whenever the percentage approaches a danger
figure. Dust dangers are not momentary peak concentrations but the bulk
quantity of dust breathed over a period. See also:dust sampling;
methanometer. The term may also be applied to soil-, coal-, or
mineral-sampling devices of an instrumental nature. Nelson
A small pipe built into and through a stopping or seal to enable samples
to be taken of the air within the sealed area. The analysis of such
samples will give an indication of the state of the fire or heating. In
the case of a waste heating a sampling pipe may be pushed into the waste,
on the return side, to give an indication of the conditions.
Nelson
A cylinder with a spoonlike cutting edge for taking soil samples.
Long
The head of a soil auger or soil-sampling barrel. Long
The order of sequence in which personal health sampling equipment parts
are assembled together to complete the cycle of assimilated breathed
atmosphere that a person is exposed to during the working time period.
MSHA, 2
A plant and its equipment for sampling and determining the value of ores
that are bought, sold, or treated metallurgically.
A monoclinic mineral, Ag4 MnSb2 S6 ; steel black but
red in transmitted light; at the Samson Mine, Harz, Germany.
A loader in which the gathering head has rotating arms that pull the stone
or coal onto ramps and push it to a scraper chain conveyor, which conveys
it to and delivers it at the end of the jib. The jib can be swiveled
horizontally and raised or lowered to suit the tub, car, or conveyor to
which it is delivering. The whole machine is self-hauling (automobile) on
power-driven tractor crawlers with mechanical steering. It is not
applicable in steep inclinations. Mason
A longwall cutter loader of the plow type, with two cutting blades, one at
each end, operated by a hydraulic cylinder, which can give a powerful
thrust (about 42 st or 38 t) to the blades and cause them to bite into the
coal. While this thrust is being exerted, the machine is anchored by means
of a vertical jack that engages the roof and floor. The jack is built on
sliding bars, and the machine is moved by sliding the jack along the bars
to the next position for anchoring the machine. It travels alongside the
conveyor but is not connected to it. A loading ramp guides the cut coal
onto the conveyor. The machine is employed in seams from 4 to 5 ft (1.2 to
1.5 m) thick with a strong roof and floor. Nelson
a. A rock fragment or detrital particle smaller than a granule and larger
than a coarse silt grain, having a diameter in range of 1/16 to 2 mm (62
to 2,000 mu m, or 0.0025 to 0.08 in, or 4 to 1 phi units, or a size
between that at the lower limit of visibility of an individual particle
with the unaided eye and that of the head of a small wooden match), being
somewhat rounded by abrasion in the course of transport. In Great Britain,
the range of 0.1 to 1 mm has been used. See also:coarse sand;
fine sand. AGI
b. A loose aggregate, unlithified mineral or rock particles of sand size;
an unconsolidated or moderately consolidated sedimentary deposit
consisting essentially of medium-grained clastics. The material is most
commonly composed of quartz, and when the term sand is used without
qualification, a siliceous composition is implied; but the particles may
be of any mineral composition or mixture of rock or mineral fragments,
such as coral sand consisting of limestone fragments. Also, a mass of such
material, esp. on a beach, desert, or in a streambed. AGI
c. Sandstone. AGI
d. Separate grains or particles of detrital rock material, easily
distinguishable by the unaided eye, but not large enough to be called
pebbles; also, a loose mass of such grains, forming an incoherent
arenaceous sediment. Building sand, any hard, granular rock material finer
than gravel and coarser than dust. The term indicates material comminuted
by natural means. Fay
e. Detrital material of size range from 2 to 1/16 mm in diameter. Very
coarse, 1 to 2 mm; coarse, 1/2 to 1 mm; medium, 1/4 to 1/2 mm; fine, 1/4
to 1/8 mm; very fine, 1/8 to 1/16 mm. AGI
f. Granular material, composed mainly of quartz, that will settle readily
in water. In the mechanical analysis of soil, sand--according to
international classification--has a size between 0.02 mm and 2.0 mm. It
has no cohesion when dry or saturated but has apparent cohesion when damp.
Nelson
g. The residue after amalgamation on plates. Nelson
h. In gold-ore treatment, the coarser and heavier portions of the crushed
ore in a mill or battery. Nelson
i. A driller's term applied loosely to any visibly granular sediment, or
to any fluid-productive porous sedimentary unit or objective zone of a
well. AGI
j. A tract or region of sand, such as a sandy beach along the seashore, or
a desert land. AGI
k. A sandbank or a sandbar. The term is usually used in the plural; e.g.,
sea sands. AGI
l. A term used in the United States for a rock or mineral particle in the
soil, having a diameter in the range of 0.05 to 2 mm; prior to 1947, the
range 1 to 2 mm was called fine gravel. The diameter range recognized by
the International Society of Soil Science is 0.02 to 2 mm. A textural
class of soil material containing 85% or more of sand, with the percentage
of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay not exceeding 15; specif.
such material containing 25% or more of very coarse sand, coarse sand, and
medium sand, and less than 50% of fine sand or very fine sand. The term
has also been used for a soil containing 90% or more of sand. AGI
See:realgar
In the roof of a coal seam, a deposit of glacial debris formed by scour
and fill subsequent to coal formation. See also:debris bag
In many mines a rapid and efficient means of erecting stoppings and walls
for the control of ventilation near the face. The walls of doors and air
crossings in the workings are often entirely of interlocked sandbags. This
method minimizes the use of brattice and gives more permanent results in
the workings. Mason
A bar or low ridge of sand that borders the shore and is built to, or
nearly to, the water surface by currents in a river or by wave action
along the shore of a lake or sea. Syn:sand reef
The supports of a core in the sand of a mold. Standard, 2
a. The bed into which molten metal from a blast furnace is run.
Standard, 2
b. A floor of a foundry in which large iron castings are made.
Standard, 2
A method of cleaning metal and stone surfaces with sand sprayed over them
through a nozzle at high velocity. Sandblasting is also used to form pits
on the intrinsically smooth surfaces of materials, such as glass,
requiring a particular finish. Hammond
A sand-pouring cylinder used for determining the dry density of soil.
Nelson
Concretions of sandstone. See also:burr