a. A substance used to dissolve another substance. Crispin
b. That component of a solution that is present in excess; or the physical
state of which is the same as that of the solution. CTD
a. A method of separating one or more substances from a mixture, by
treating a solution of the mixture with a solvent that will dissolve the
required substances, leaving the others. Hammond
b. A process in which one or more components are removed from a liquid
mixture by intimate contact with a second liquid, which is itself nearly
insoluble in the first liquid and dissolves the impurities and not the
substance that is to be purified. Syn:liquid-liquid extraction
CCD, 2
The method or equipment for determining, by underwater sound, the
presence, location, or nature of objects in the sea. The word sonar is an
acronym derived from the expression SOund NAvigation and Ranging.
Hunt
A complete continuous seismic profiling system consists of the boomer
unit, sonar recorder, transducer fish, receiving hydrophone, preamplifier,
if necessary, and variable filter. Sonar boomer units are available from
1000 W-second models up to 13,000 W-second (experimental models). The
standard boomer consists of a power supply, capacitor bank and transducer.
Boomers are used for marine geological studies and dredging surveys. The
power supply output is fed to the capacitor bank, which is discharged into
the transducer producing a precisely repeatable pressure pulse in the
water. Hunt
A metamorphic rock composed of cordierite, quartz, garnet, tourmaline, and
kyanite. Holmes, 2
The elongate cylindrical tool assembly used in a borehole to acquire a
well log. It contains various energy-input devices and/or response
sensors. The sonde is lowered into the borehole by a multi-conductor
cable, or wire line. AGI
Core drilling through high-powered vibrations transmitted down the drill
casing to a cutting shoe. The casing and the shoe vibrate into the ground
and through the rock, resulting in an undisturbed core of unconsolidated
material. SME, 1
An "acoustic log" showing the interval-transit time of compressional
seismic waves in rocks near the well bore of a liquid-filled borehole.
Used chiefly for estimating porosity and lithology.
A method of measuring underground rock pressure by determining the
velocity of sound through the rock. Sonic velocity is a function of the
elastic modulus of the rock traversed by the wave, and this, in turn, is a
function of the pressure. A hammer blow on the rock face is used to
initiate the sound waves, which are picked up by a microphone placed at
the site of the blow and by a second microphone at the other end of the
path through the rock under test. The difference between the times of the
signals received from the two microphones will equal the time taken by the
sonic pulse to pass through the rock. The signals are converted into
visible waveforms on the screen of an oscillograph, and these are
photographed or otherwise recorded to form a permanent record.
Issacson
A driver based on the principle of delivering vertical vibrations to the
head of a pile in alternating up and down cycles at a rate of 100 Hz.
These vibrations set up high-amplitude waves of tension and compression in
the pile, producing alternate expansion and contraction in minute amounts.
The elongation of the pile in expansion displaces the soil at the pile
tip, and the weight of the pile, hammer, and added loads shoves the pile
into the miniscule void. Since this action is occurring at the rate of 100
Hz, the individual movements need not be of great magnitude to produce
rapid penetration of the pile. Carson, 2
An ultrasonic testing instrument used primarily for the measurement of the
thickness of materials. Osborne
Solid, nonmetallic inclusions in metal. Henderson
An inspection instrument, which sends, by electronic means, pulses of high
frequency through the material to be tested and measures the time of
travel from the transmitter on one face to the receiver on the distant
face of the material. This method of inspection is known as pulse testing.
Osborne
Seismograph developed by Frank Rieber for the application of reflection
methods to areas of complex geology and steeply dipping beds. The ordinary
oscillograph traces are replaced by sound tracks of variable transparency
on a moving picture film. The analyzer adds up impulses which are in phase
while the random effects tend to cancel one another. AGI
A monoclinic mineral, Mn9 (SiO4 )(OH,F)2 ; humite
group; dimorphous with jerrygibbsite; red-orange.
An instrument for measuring rock stress. Piano wire is tuned between two
bolts cemented into drill holes in the rock, and a change of pitch after
destressing is observed and used to indicate stress. Pryor, 3
A type of echo sounder that generates sound waves and records their
reflections. It is used in subbottom profiling. AGI
A solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide with a density of 3.2
g/cm3 and used as a "heavy liquid." CF:bromoform;
Klein solution; methylene iodide; Clerici solution.
Syn:Thoulet solution
A black substance, consisting essentially of carbon from the smoke of wood
or coal, esp. that which adheres to the inside of the chimney, containing
also volatile products condensed from the combustion of the wood or coal,
including certain ammonia salts. Standard, 2
A black, pulverent variety of chalcocite of supergene origin.