Generally applied to carbon dioxide. Strictly speaking, a mixture of
nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The average blackdamp contains 10% to 15%
carbon dioxide and 85% to 90% nitrogen. It is formed by mine fires and the
explosion of combustible gases in mines, and hence forms a part of the
afterdamp. An atmosphere depleted of oxygen rather than containing an
excess of carbon dioxide. Being heavier than air, it is always found in a
layer along the floor of a mine. It extinguishes light and suffocates its
victims. Hence, it is sometimes known as chokedamp. See also:afterdamp;
damp. Fay; Korson
a. A variety of crystalline carbon, related to diamond, but showing no
crystal form. Highly prized as an abrasive because of its hardness. Occurs
only in Brazil. Syn:carbonado
b. A term frequently applied to coal.
c. A black gem diamond.
d. Dense black hematite that takes a polish like metal.
A reducing flux composed of powdered carbon and alkali-metal carbonate.
Webster 3rd
See:andradite
a. A slang American term referring to crude oil.
b. Syn:Maldonite
c. Placer gold coated with a black or dark-brown substance (such as a film
of manganese oxide) so that the yellow color is not visible until the
coating is removed. AGI
A commercial term for crystalline rock that when polished is dark gray to
black. It may be a diabase, diorite, or gabbro. AGI
A mixture of potassium nitrate (saltpeter), sulfur, and charcoal in
varying proportions. A typical composition is 70% to 75% saltpeter, 10% to
14% sulfur, and 14% to 16% charcoal. It is designated according to grain
size: mealed; superfine grain (FFG); fine grain (FG); large or coarse
grain (LG); large grain for rifles (RLG); and mammoth.
Syn:black powder
See:psilomelane
Malleable iron, untinned; distinguished from tinned or white iron.
Standard, 2
See:magnetite
a. A thin stratum of coal interbedded with layers of slate; a slaty coal
with a high ash content. AGI
b. A syn. of sphalerite, esp. a dark variety. See also:sphalerite
AGI
a. An obsolete name for graphite, still used in naming lead pencils, which
are really made of graphite. Syn:plumbago
b. Graphite, in impure crystalline form. Pryor, 3
c. Used for coating patterns and the faces of cast-iron chilling molds.
Crispin
An early name for the black variety of cerussite. Fay
a. A prospector's and miner's term for ultraviolet light, used in
exploration and evaluation to detect mineral fluorescence. AGI
b. An instrument, usually portable, that produces ultraviolet light for
this purpose. See also:lamp
The alkaline spent liquor from the digesters in the manufacture of sulfate
or soda wood pulp.
black liquor recovery furnaces
Smelting or recovery furnaces in which evaporated black liquor is burned
to a molten chemical smelt.
See:anthracosis
A polishing material consisting of 99% Fe3 O4 .
See also:black rouge
a. See:hausmannite
b. A term applied to dark-colored manganese minerals; e.g., pyrolusite,
hausmannite, and psilomelane.
A black shale associated with coal measures. AGI
See:biotite