A frame set at or just below ground level as a preliminary to the main
timbering in an excavation. See also:setting
A gate road at the upper end of an inclined longwall conveyor face;
usually a tailgate. See also:bottom gate
A method of driving used for adits, tunnels, and drifts. The upper part or
top heading is driven to the full length, before the enlargement of the
rest of the section is carried out. Fraenkel
An earlier system of working coal between two levels in an inclined coal
seam. The top holes are driven to the full rise, and the face-line is
usually stepped. Only the coal is worked, and no ripping is done in the
top holes. The coal gravitates into trams in the lower level.
See also:stepped longwall
See:lander
See:tufa
See:top shot
See:lander
A lease granted by a landowner during existence of a recorded mineral
lease that is to become effective if and when the existing lease expires
or is terminated. Williams
In mining, a worker who is employed at surface jobs around the mine plant.
An imaginary line on the ground, all points of which are at the same
elevation above (or below) a specified datum surface. AGI
A map showing the topographic features of a land surface, commonly by
means of contour lines. It is generally on a sufficiently large scale to
show in detail selected man-made and natural features, including relief,
and such physical and cultural features as vegetation, roads, and
drainage. CF:planimetric map
See:profile
Map upon which is shown a portion of land having elevations indicated by a
series of separate lines, each of which passes through a specified
elevation; the sinuosity and spacing or crowding together of the contour
lines, as they are called, indicate slope and relief of the terrain.
a. The relationship between two parts of a landscape or two kinds of
topography that are out of adjustment with one another, due to an
interruption in the ordinary course of the erosion cycle of a region;
e.g., a lack of harmony between the topographic forms of the upper and
lower parts of a valley, due to rejuvenation. AGI
b. A land surface exhibiting topographic unconformity. AGI
a. The general configuration of a land surface or any part of the Earth's
surface, including its relief and the position of its natural and manmade
features. CF:relief
b. The natural or physical surface features of a region, considered
collectively as to form; the features revealed by the contour lines of a
map. In nongeologic usage, the term includes manmade features (such as are
shown on a topographic map). AGI
c. The art or practice of accurately and graphically delineating in
detail, as on a map or chart or by a model, selected natural and manmade
surface features of a region. Also, the description, study, or
representation of such features. Etymol: Greek topos, place, + graphein,
to write. AGI
A recrystallization in which the crystallographic orientation of the
parent crystal determines that of the product crystal, e.g., goethite to
hematite with a -> c/3, b -> 2 a, and c#M# -> a T3/3. CF:epitaxy;
syntaxy.
a. The contents of a loaded mine car above water level. Hudson
b. Fine material forming a surface layer or dressing for a road or grade.
Nichols, 1
c. A finishing layer of fine concrete, usually 2 in (5.1 cm) thick, laid
over the base concrete of a ground floor or over the structural components
of a solid or hollow suspended floor or roof. Hammond
Eng. The first regular layers of flints in the Brandon flint mines.
Arkell
Roof ripping. Nelson