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vertical fold

See:upright fold

vertical gradient

The rate of change of a quantity in the direction of the vertical.

vertical gradiometer

An instrument for measuring the vertical gradient of gravity. AGI

vertical guide idler

An idler roller of about 3 in (7.6 cm) in diameter so placed as to make
contact with the edge of the belt conveyor should the latter run too much
to one side. Although vertical guide rollers are effective, they cause
edge wear on the belting and their use is not favored. Nelson

vertical intensity

The vertical component of the magnetic field; usually considered positive
if downward, negative if upward. CF:horizontal intensity

vertical line

One that is exactly upright, or it points straight up and down.
Jones, 2

vertical load-bearing test

See:load-bearing test

vertical mill

A rolling mill in which the rolls are oriented vertically. Osborne

vertical photograph

An aerial photograph made with the camera axis vertical (camera pointing
straight down) or as nearly vertical as possible in an aircraft.
AGI

vertical pump

This pump is often of the single-acting bucket or ram type with single or
double cylinders and either with or without a flywheel. Vertical pumps may
be used where headroom is adequate but area restricted, although
horizontal reciprocating pumps are more generally used.
Sinclair, 4

vertical reciprocating conveyor

A power or gravity-actuated unit that receives objects on a carrier or car
bed usually constructed of a power or roller conveyor. The object is then
elevated or lowered to other elevations.

vertical sand drain

a. A boring through clay or silty soil that is filled with sand or gravel
to facilitate drainage of liquid from the soil. Hammond
b. See:perched water table

vertical screw conveyor

A screw conveyor that conveys in a substantially vertical path.
See also:screw conveyor

vertical seismograph

An instrument that registers the vertical component of ground motion.
Schieferdecker

vertical separation

In a fault, the distance measured vertically between two parts of a
displaced marker such as a bed. CF:horizontal separation

vertical shaft

A shaft sunk at an angle of 90 degrees with the horizon or directly
downward toward the center of the Earth. Weed, 2

vertical shear

Reference is to a beam, assumed for convenience to be horizontal and to be
loaded and supported by forces, all of which lie in a vertical plane. The
vertical shear at any section of the beam is the vertical component of all
forces that act on the beam to the left of the section. The vertical shear
is positive when upward and negative when downward. Roark

vertical shift

In a fault, the vertical component of the shift. See also:shift
AGI

vertical slip

In a fault, the vertical component of the net slip; it equals the vertical
component of the dip slip. CF:horizontal slip
Syn:vertical dip slip

vertical takeup

A mechanism in which the takeup or the movable pulley travels in a
vertical plane. NEMA, 2

vertical theory

The earliest view of subsidence in which it was supposed that the lines of
break (limiting lines) were more or less vertical. Pillars left for
support were accordingly formed immediately under the object to be
protected, the question of dip being disregarded. Briggs