For haulage to the surface through a mine shaft, the surface gear includes
a winding drum of cylindrical or cylindroconical form on which the winding
rope (hoisting rope) is coiled as the cage, or skip or kibble, is raised,
and from which it is paid off as the return journey is made. Two such
receptacles are usually worked simultaneously in balanced hoisting, one
rising as the other descends, from a compound drum. The drum is driven by
the winding engine. See also:bicylindroconical drum; conical drum;
Koepe sheave; parallel drum; winding engine. Pryor, 3
a. A steam or electric engine at the top of a shaft that powers the
winding drum, thus hoisting and lowering a cage or skip by means of a
winding rope. In metal mining, the winding engine is usually called a
hoist. Also called: winder. See also:hoist
b. See:winding drum
A skilled person in charge of the steam or electric winding engine at a
mine. Also called hoistman. Nelson
The purpose of a winding guide is to permit winding to proceed safely at
relatively high speeds by preventing collisions between the cages and
between cages and the side of, or fittings in, a shaft. It must be (1)
rigid enough to prevent material deviation of the cages or skips from the
vertical; (2) strong, since a broken guide causes danger from damage; (3)
smooth, so as to offer as little resistance to the movement of a cage as
possible; and (4) firmly supported and maintained vertical. Guides may be
of two types, rigid or flexible. The former may be of timber, and in new
shafts have generally been replaced by steel channels, steel rails or
angles; the latter are steel ropes of round or semilocked section steel
rods. Rigid guides are adopted in shafts of rectangular cross section;
these and the shaft sides and fittings are small. Rope guides are used in
circular and elliptical shafts where adequate clearances can be provided.
Rope guides maintain the vertical automatically, and expand and contract
with temperature variation without complication. Sinclair, 5
See:winding sheave
The rope that carries a cage, skip, or hoppit in a shaft. The wires are
twisted together symmetrically according to a definite geometrical
pattern. See also:wire rope; winding drum. Syn:lay of rope
Nelson
A grooved pulley wheel, mounted on plummer blocks, at the top of the
headgear. The winding rope passes from a cage or skip around the sheave
and onto the winding drum. For normal loads, the sheave rim and boss are
made of castiron, and the spokes are made of round, mild steel. Winding
sheaves range up to about 24 ft (7.32 m) in diameter. Sheaves up to 8 ft
(2.44 m) in diameter are usually made in one piece, but above this size,
they are built in halves and bolted together. To give efficient service,
the sheave diameter should be at least 96 times the winding rope diameter.
See also:head sheave; Koepe sheave. Syn:hoisting sheave
Nelson
The velocity at which a winding engine lifts a cage or skip in a shaft.
Winding speeds reach up to 6,000 ft/min (1.8 km/min) for deep mines. The
normal maximum speed for deep shafts is 3,500 to 4,000 ft/min (1.1 to 1.2
km/min) and for geared winders, 1,500 to 3,000 ft/min (0.46 to 0.91
km/min). Nelson
a. A device used for hoisting; limited to small-scale development work and
prospecting because of its small capacity. Lewis
b. A drum or a section of tree trunk set horizontally on rough bearings
above a shallow pit or shaft; used to raise or lower buckets of spoil in
exploratory work. Handles at each end of the drum allow for manual
rotation. Pryor, 3
An air-blowing system of separating coal into various sizes, and
extracting waste from it, which in principle depends on the specific
gravity or size of the coal and the strength of the current of air.
An anemometer in which a windmill is driven by the air stream, and its
rotation is transmitted through gearing to dials or other recording
mechanism. In some instruments, the rotating vanes and dials are in the
same plane; i.e., both vertical, while in others the dial is horizontal.
In the windmill type, the operation of air measurement involves readings
of dials at the beginning and end of a measured period. Windmill
instruments may be fitted with an extension handle, providing a form of
remote control; used to measure air speed in an otherwise inaccessible
spot. Mason
An eroded area of a thrust sheet that displays the rocks beneath it.
Syn:fenster
A dredge discharge pipe with one or more openings in the bottom.
Nichols, 1
The pressure on a structure due to wind, which increases with wind
velocity approx. in accordance with the formula p = 0.003 v2 ,
where p is the pressure in pounds per square feet of area affected, and v
is the wind velocity in miles per hour. Hammond
Underground ventilation road. See also:airway
A diagram which shows the proportion of winds blowing from each of the
main points of a compass at a given locality, recorded over a long period.
The prevailing wind with its average strength is thereby revealed at a
glance. Hammond
a. A row of peats or sod set up to dry, or cut in paring and burning.
Standard, 2
b. A ridge of soil pushed up by a grader or bulldozer. Hammond
See:winze
The amount of twist occurring in a string of drill rods when the string is
rotated during drilling. There can be as many as several complete
revolutions of the rod at the collar before the bottom member of the
string begins to rotate. Also called wrap-up. Long
A blast in a coal mine which--due to improperly placed charges, the wrong
kind or quantity of explosives, or insufficient stemming--expends most of
its force on the mine air; it sometimes ignites a gas mixture, coal dust,
or both, thus causing a secondary explosion, which may or may not spread
throughout the mine; a shot that blows out without disturbing the coal; a
shot that is not properly directed or loaded; a blown-out shot.
Fay