The precipitation or plating-out of a metal from a solution of its salts
through the introduction of another metal or a reagent into the solution.
ASM, 1
Developing, building, and operating plants in which materials are
chemically worked up to desired end products. Pryor, 3
A state of balance between two opposing chemical reactions. The amount of
any substance being built up is exactly counterbalanced by the amount
being used up in the other reaction, so that concentrations of all
participating substances remain constant. AGI
See:corrosion
Term taking the place of hydrometallurgy; embraces leaching (acid,
alkaline, and pressure), ion exchange, solvation precipitation, and
calcination. See also:leaching
Lead of more than 99.9% purity, with traces of copper and silver, as
originally obtained from the ore; used for manufacturing storage battery
plates and chemical piping. Bennett
A limestone formed by direct chemical precipitation or by consolidation of
calcareous ooze. AGI
chemically precipitated metal powder
Powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts
either by the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series
or by other reducing agents. ASTM
The investigation of the chemical composition of minerals and its
variation, the processes of mineral formation, and the changes minerals
undergo when acted upon chemically. CF:physical mineralogy;
crystallogeny.
A sedimentary rock composed primarily of material formed directly by
precipitation from solution or colloidal suspension (such as by
evaporation) or by the deposition of insoluble precipitates (such as by
mixing solutions of two soluble salts); e.g., gypsum, rock salt, chert, or
tufa. It generally has a crystalline texture. CF:detrital rock
AGI
See:chemical rock
A process for sinking through loose, heavily watered ground. A gel-forming
chemical is injected into the loose material that is eventually
consolidated. The time delay in the gel formation can be controlled by
chemical means, and the rate of injection at waterlike viscosity is rapid.
See also:bentonite; silicatization process. Nelson
A clay pottery product that is widely employed to resist acids and
alkalies. It is used for utensils, pipes, stopcocks, pumps, etc.; sp gr,
2.2; hardness, scleroscope 100. Stoneware is made from special clays free
from lime and iron, low in sand content, with low temperatures, and having
sufficient plasticity to permit turning on a potter's wheel.
Syn:chemical brick
A method of treating hard water by adding selected chemical substances
that break down the offending impurities, the residue being passed on in
solution in harmless or less harmful form, driven off as a gas, or
precipitated for subsequent retention in an incorporated filter. The
general reagents are lime or soda or a combination of both with or without
the addition of zeolites or colloids. Nelson
The process of weathering by which chemical reactions (hydrolysis,
hydration, oxidation, carbonation, ion exchange, and solution) transform
rocks and minerals into new chemical combinations that are stable under
conditions prevailing at or near the Earth's surface; e.g., the alteration
of orthoclase to kaolinite. CF:mechanical weathering
Syn:decomposition
Determination of flow rate and channels taken by water by the introduction
of suitable chemicals upstream and measurement of dilution. (Radiotracers
and fluorescin are also used for tracing flow direction.) Pryor, 3
Luminosity caused by chemical changes in a substance. Standard, 2
Irreversible sorption, an adsorbate being held as a product of chemical
reaction with an absorbent. Activation energy is relatively high.
Pryor, 3
A person versed in chemistry. One whose business is to make chemical
examinations or investigations, or one who is engaged in the operations of
applied chemistry.
Autotrophic microorganism that derives energy to do metabolic work from
the oxidation of inorganic compounds and assimilate carbon as CO2 ,
HCO3- , or CO32- ; e.g., Thiobacillus
ferrooxidans, a bacterium that oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron for
energy. See also:autotroph
Purest commercially available tin; 99.9% tin. Bennett