An iron rod used for ramming clay into wet drill holes. See also:bull;
claying bar. Fay
a. A compact hard, dark, gray or brown, fine-grained sedimentary rock
consisting of a mixture of argillaceous material (up to 30%) and iron
carbonate (siderite), occurring in layers of nodules or concretions or as
relatively continuous irregular thin beds, and usually associated with
carbonaceous strata, esp. overlying a coal seam in the coal measures of
the United States or Great Britain; a clayey iron carbonate, or an impure
siderite ore occurring admixed with clays. The term has also been applied
to an argillaceous rock containing iron oxide (such as hematite or
limonite). See also:blackband ironstone
b. A sideritic concretion or nodule occurring in clay ironstone and other
argillaceous rocks, often displaying septarian structure. AGI
c. See:ironstone; iron clay.
a. A fine-textured soil that breaks into clods or lumps that are hard when
dry. When the moist soil is pinched between the thumb and finger, it will
form a thin ribbon that will break readily, barely sustaining its own
weight. The moist soil is plastic and will form a cast that will bear much
handling. When kneaded in the hand, it does not crumble readily but tends
to work into a heavy compact mass. Stokes
b. A soil containing 27% to 40% clay, 20% to 45% sand, and the remainder
silt. AGI
One who blends and mixes various clays, as shipped from a mine, into a
thin, semiliquid form by operating a blunger (mixing machine). Also called
blunger machine operator; clay mixer; clay washer; slip maker; slip mixer;
wet mixer. DOT
A chalky clay, or a marl in which clay largely predominates.
a. A colloidal-size, crystalline, hydroxyl silicate having a crystal
structure of the two-layer (7 Aa) type (kaolinite), or of the three-layer
(14 Aa) type (smectite), in which layers of silicon and aluminum ions have
tetrahedral coordination with respect to oxygen, while layers of aluminum,
ferrous and ferric iron, magnesium, chromium, lithium, manganese, and
other cations have octahedral coordination with respect to oxygen and to
hydroxyl ions. Exchangeable cations may attach to the silicate layers in
an amount determined by the excess negative charge within the composite
layers. These cations commonly are calcium and sodium, but may also be
potassium, magnesium, hydronium, aluminum, or others. The most common clay
minerals belong to the kaolinite, smectite, attapulgite, and illite
(hydromica) groups. Mixed-layer clay minerals are either randomly or
regularly interstratified intergrowths of two or more clay minerals.
See also:clay
b. Any mineral found in the clay fraction (less than 4 mu m) of a soil or
sediment; e.g., rock flour comminuted by glacial grinding.
c. Any kandite mineral of the kaolinite-serpentine group.
a. A playa formed by deflation of alluvial topsoils in a desert, in which
water collects after a rain. AGI
b. A term used in Australia for a shallow depression containing clayey and
silty sediment, and having a hard, sun-baked surface. AGI
c. See:hardpan
a. Clayey material bound between a vein and its wall. Also called casing;
parting. Fay
b. Seams of hardened carbonaceous clay between or in beds of coal.
Hess
a. A sump in which a drilling mud is mixed and stored. Long
b. A pit or sump in which the return fluid from a borehole is collected
and stored for recirculation. Long
c. A pit where clay is dug.
A clay-filled cavity in rock; a mass of clay in rock or gravel.
Syn:clay hole
See:claystone
Clay deposit containing sapropel. Tomkeieff
a. A consolidated sediment consisting of no more than 10% sand and having
a silt to clay ratio of less than 1:2 (Folk, 1954, p. 350); a fissile
claystone. AGI
b. A shale that consists chiefly of clayey material and that becomes clay
on weathering. AGI
Said of that portion of soil or sediment that is finer than 2 to 5 mu m.
a. A low-grade, essentially unreconstituted slate, as distinguished from
the more micaceous varieties that border on phyllite. AGI
b. A slate derived from an argillaceous rock, such as shale, rather than
from volcanic ash; a metamorphosed clay, with cleavage developed by
shearing or pressure, as distinguished from mica slate. AGI
Yellowish-brown or rust-colored films from deposits of clay minerals.
Skow
a. A term applicable to indurated clay in the same sense as sandstone is
applicable to indurated or cemented sand. Syn:clay rock
See also:mudstone; siltstone.
b. One of the concretionary masses of clay frequently found in alluvial
deposits, in the form of flat rounded disks either simple or variously
united so as to give rise to curious shapes.
See:wet-pan operator
A body of clay, usually roughly tabular in form like an ore vein, that
fills a crevice in a coal seam. It is believed to have originated where
the pressure was high enough to force clay from the roof or floor into
small fissures and in many instances, to alter and to enlarge them. Also
called horseback. AGI
a. A deposit of clay transported and deposited by water.
b. The agitation of an oil with fuller's earth or some other clay to
improve the color or odor of the oil. Porter
c. A thin emulsion of clay and water, sometimes used to strengthen the
face of a mold. Freeman
d. Clay thinned with water and used for coating gaggers and flasks.
Crispin
See:clay maker