True potential difference between a metal and the solution in which it is
immersed. Pryor, 3
a. Total pressure at a point in a fluid equaling the sum of the gage
pressure and the atmospheric pressure. Webster 3rd
b. Pressure measured with respect to zero pressure, in units of force per
unit of area. CTD
The entire mass of strata overlying a coal seam or a subsurface point of
reference. See also:nether roof
Temperature reckoned from absolute zero. See also:temperature
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2
Geologic time measured in terms of years by radioactive decay of elements.
CF:relative time
A measure of available energy per gram of explosive.
Syn:weight strength
The temperature at which a gas would show no pressure if the general law
for gases would hold for all temperatures. It is equal to -273.16 degrees
C or -459 degrees F. CF:temperature
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2
Water held mechanically in a soil mass and having physical properties not
substantially different from those of ordinary water at the same
temperature and pressure. ASCE
A rock or rock material, which, by virtue of its dryness, porosity, or
permeability, has the ability to drink in or suck up a drilling liquid, as
a sponge absorbs water. Syn:absorbent ground
Substances, such as wood meal and wheat flour, that are forms of low
explosive when mixed with metallic nitrates and tend to reduce the
blasting power of the explosives, making them suitable for coal blasting.
Cooper
a. An apparatus in which gases are brought into intimate contact with an
extended surface of an absorbing fluid so that they enter rapidly into
solution. Hess
b. The resistance and capacitance in series that is placed across a break
in an electrical circuit in order to damp any possible oscillatory circuit
and would tend to maintain an arc or spark when a current is interrupted.
Syn:spark absorber
c. Any material that absorbs or stops ionizing radiation, such as
neutrons, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Lyman
A device for measuring the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
Bennett
a. The phenomenon observed when a pleochroic mineral is rotated in plane
polarized light. In certain positions, the mineral is darker than in
others, owing to the absorption of light.
b. In hydrology, a term applied to the entrance of surface water into the
lithosphere by all methods. AGI
c. The reduction of light intensity in transmission through an absorbing
substance or in reflection from a surface. In crystals, the absorption may
vary with the wavelength and with the electric vector of the transmitted
light with respect to crystallographic directions.
d. Any mechanism by which energy, e.g., electromagnetic or seismic, is
converted into heat.
e. Taking up, assimilation, or incorporation, e.g., of liquids in solids
or of gases in liquids. CF:adsorption
f. The entrance of surface water into the lithosphere by any method.
A type of hygrometer with which the water vapor content of the atmosphere
is measured by means of the absorption of vapor by a hygroscopic chemical.
The amount of vapor absorbed may be determined in an absolute manner by
weighing the hygroscopic material, or in a nonabsolute manner by measuring
a physical property of the substance that varies with the amount of water
vapor absorbed. The lithium chloride humidity strip and carbon-film
hygrometer element are examples of the latter. Hunt
a. The loss of water occurring during initial filling of a reservoir in
wetting rocks and soil. Hammond
b. That part of the transmission loss due to dissipation or the conversion
of sound energy into some other form of energy, usually heat. This
conversion may take place within the medium itself or upon a reflection at
one of its boundaries. Hy
a. The rate, expressed in quantitative terms, at which a liquid, such as a
drilling circulation medium, is absorbed by the rocks or rock materials
penetrated by the drill bit. Long
b. The amount of water absorbed when a brick is partially immersed for 1
min; usually expressed either in grams or ounces per minute. Also called
suction rate; initial rate of absorption. ACSG, 1
Specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation have precisely the
energy to cause atomic or molecular transitions in substances they are
passing through; their removal from the incident radiation produces
reductions in intensity of those wavelengths, or absorption spectra,
characteristic of the substance under study. CF:emission spectra
The array of absorption bands or lines seen when a continuous spectrum is
transmitted through a selectively absorbing medium. AGI