A burning mixture of a combustible gas (or vapor) and air. Solid fuels
burn with a glow, but with little flame. Flames are normally hot, but
under some conditions are relatively cool. Principal types of flame are
luminous, nonluminous, long (lazy) flames, and short flames.
Francis, 2
In mineral identification, qualitative tests made by moistening powdered
material with hydrochloric acid, placing a few grains on platinum or
nickel-chrome wire, and noting any color imparted to a blue Bunsen flame.
Sodium gives a strong yellow flame; calcium, light red; strontium,
crimson; barium, green; potassium, lilac; and copper, blue-green.
Pryor, 3
See:jet piercing
See:flame photometry
A method for local hardening in which the steel is heated by a
mechanically operated oxyacetylene blowpipe, which traverses the object to
be hardened at a predetermined rate. Hammond
A substance, such as hexachloroethane, used for coating limestone dust for
use in stone-dust barriers. The inhibitor is dissolved in the
waterproofing agent. Tests have indicated its effectiveness in preventing
or reducing the propagation of coal-dust explosions.
See also:stone-dust barrier
A lime kiln burning wood. Standard, 2
a. Opal in which red play of color occurs in more or less irregular
streaks.
b. A flash opal with red as the predominant color.
Measurement of the intensity of the lines in a flame spectrum by a flame
photometer. Syn:flame emission spectrometry
A term descriptive of electrical machines, switches, and fittings demanded
legally for use in fiery mines in Great Britain. Enclosing boxes with
accurately fitted wide flanges are used. See also:explosion proof
Pryor, 3
A flameproof enclosure for electrical apparatus is one that, under normal
working conditions, will withstand the internal explosion of a flammable
gas that may exist within it, and which will prevent the transmission of a
flame capable of igniting an explosive atmosphere outside the equipment.
Roberts, 2
An enclosure for electrical apparatus that will withstand, without injury,
any explosion of the prescribed flammable gas that may occur within it
under practical conditions of operation within the rating of the apparatus
(and recognized overloads, if any, associated therewith), and will prevent
the transmission of flame such as will ignite the prescribed flammable gas
that may be present in the surrounding atmosphere. BS, 13
See:photographic-paper recorder
A portable cable that will meet the flame test requirements of the U.S.
Mine Safety and Health Administration.
A lamp, the flame of which is so protected that it will not immediately
ignite combustible gases. The original flame safety lamp was developed by
Sir Humphrey Davy in 1815 and there are several varieties. The flame is
generally surrounded by a cylindrical covering of wire gauze. An explosive
or flammable mixture of gas entering the lamp will be ignited by the
flame, but the flame of combustion will not pass through the cool gauze
and ignite the gas outside the lamp. The illuminating power of these lamps
is slightly more than 1 cd, and they will burn for an entire shift with
one filling. Each lamp is generally provided with a relighting device, and
with a magnetic lock to prevent the lamp from being opened in the mine.
The chief disadvantage of this lamp is its low illuminating power.
See also:Davy lamp; safety lamp; electric cap lamp. Fay; Lewis
The spectrum of light emitted by a substance by heating it in a flame.
AGI
Intensely bright orange-red rubicelle (spinel).
The numerical designation that indicates the surface flammability of
materials as specified by the ASTM E-162 test method "Surface Flammability
of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source." U.S. Federal regulations
require a flame spread index of 25 or less for flame-retardant coatings
and sealants used in underground mines.
A qualitative analysis of a mineral made by intensely heating a powdered
or dissolved sample in a flame and observing the flame's color, which is
indicative of the element involved; e.g., green from copper.
CF:flame photometry
Capable of being easily ignited and of burning with extreme rapidity. This
adj. is now used technically in preference to inflammable because of the
possible ambiguity of the "in" prefix. Certain equipment cannot be used
for safety reasons in coal mines in which flammable gases are present.
Webster 3rd
In a system where air (or other reactant gas) and a flammable gas are
present, that region in which the two gases have mixed to produce a gas
capable of propagating flame. BS, 8