The slow percolation of water from artesian formations into the confining
materials of a less permeable but not of a strictly impermeable character.
Such percolation causes a reduction in artesian pressure, depending on the
relative impermeability of the materials in the confining formations.
AGI
A spring, the water from which issues under artesian pressure, generally
through some fissure or other opening in the confining bed that overlies
the aquifer. AGI
a. Ground water that is under sufficient pressure to rise above the level
at which it is encountered by a well, but that does not necessarily rise
to or above the surface of the ground. AGI
b. Ground water that is confined within a permeable bed and that rises
under pressure to approx. the height of the intake. If the outlet (well or
spring) is appreciably below the height of the intake, the water will flow
out under pressure. If even with or above the height of the intake, the
water will rise in the well but it will not flow out. Bateman, 2
a. A well in which the water level rises above the top of the aquifer,
whether or not the water flows at the land surface. AGI
b. Formerly, only applied to a well drilled to a depth where, owing to the
structure of the strata, the water pressure was high enough to raise the
water to the surface. Standard, 2
c. Often applied to any deep well, even where pumping is necessary, as in
an ordinary driven well. See also:well
a. An apple-green monoclinic mineral, CuFe2 (AsO4 ,PO (sub
4) ,SO4 )2 (O,OH)2 .4H2 O .
b. The mineral group arthurite, earlshannonite, ojuelaite, and
whitmoreite.
See:itacolumite
Aging above room temperature. See also:precipitation heat treatment
ASM, 1
Brine produced from an underground deposit of salt or other soluble rock
material in the process of solution mining. CF:brine
A device for indicating the horizontal, as a bubble, gyroscope, pendulum,
or the flat surface of a liquid. It is sometimes simply called a horizon.
Syn:false horizon
An island that is constructed by humans rather than formed by natural
means, usually in waters less than 30 m deep. In the mining industry they
are commonly used to support the construction of service or ventilation
shafts for underground mines extending offshore. Cruickshank
Fuel created by the hydrogenation of coal; the destructive distillation of
coal, lignite, or shale at low temperature; and by a recombination of the
constituents of water gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
Materials manufactured in electric furnaces and used for special purposes;
e.g., zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, and silicon carbide.
Newton, 1
A snow-white monoclinic mineral, Mg2 (CO3 )(OH)2 .3H
2 O .
Said of a mineral that is fibrous, i.e., like asbestos.
a. A silicate of magnesium much used in paint. It serves as an aid in
holding paint pigment in solution and in binding paint films together.
Also marketed under such names as French chalk and talc. Syn:agalite
Crispin
b. Of, pertaining to, or having the characteristics of asbestos;
incombustible. Webster 3rd
a. A commercial term applied to silicate minerals that separate readily
into thin, strong fibers that are flexible, heat resistant, and chemically
inert, thus making them suitable for uses (as in yarn, cloth, paper,
paint, brake linings, tiles, insulation, cement, fillers, and filters)
where incombustible, nonconducting, or chemically resistant material is
required. Since the early 1970's, there have been serious enviromental
concerns about the potential health hazards of asbestos products, which
has resulted in strong enviromental regulations.
b. Any asbestiform mineral of the serpentine group (chrysotile, best
adapted for spinning and the principal variety in commerce) or amphibole
group (esp. actinolite, anthophyllite, gedrite, cummingtonite, grunerite,
riebeckite, and tremolite).
c. A term strictly applied to asbestiform actinolite. Syn:asbestus;
amianthus; earth flax; mountain flax; rock wool.
A lung disease caused by breathing asbestos dust. Harrington
Certain minerals that have a fibrous structure, are heat resistant and
chemically inert, possess high electrical insulating qualities, and are of
sufficient flexibility to be woven. The two main groups are serpentine and
amphiboles. Asbestos proper is actinolite. Chrysotile is fibrous
serpentine; amosite is fibrous anthophyllite; crocidolite is fibrous
soda-amphibole. Used in fireproof buildings, insulating, paint materials,
brake linings, and clutches, and as insulation against heat, electricity,
and acid. Pryor, 3
Yarn consisting of asbestos fiber; asbestos and vegetable fibers; asbestos
and vegetable fibers and wire; or asbestos and vegetable fibers with an
insert of cotton or other yarn reinforcement. Metallic asbestos yarn is
yarn consisting of plain asbestos yarn twisted with brass, copper, or
other fine wire. Hess
See:asbestos
A hexagonal mineral, (Co,Ni)1-y (MnO2 )2-x (OH) (sub
2-2y+2x) .nH2 O ; a soft, black, earthy aggregate commonly classed
as a variety of "wad," the cobalt content reaching as high as 32% (40%
cobalt oxide). Syn:asbolane; asbolite; black cobalt; cobalt ocher; wad.