A term originally applied to altered diabase in which the feldspar has
been altered to saussurite, kaolin, and chlorite. This usage is obsolete,
but the term is occasionally used for a light-colored hypabyssal rock,
being the antithesis of lamprophyre. Not recommended usage. AGI
An oxidized variety of loellingite. See also:loellingite
A monoclinic mineral, BaNa4 Ti2 B2 Si10 O (sub
30) ; in alkali pegmatites and the Green River Formation of Utah and
Wyoming.
a. Fine-grained, opaque white alteration products of ilmenite, mainly
finely crystalline rutile.
b. A variety of sphene.
An embankment beside a river or an arm of the sea, to prevent overflow.
Standard, 2
a. A main underground roadway or passage driven along a level course to
afford access to stopes or workings and to provide ventilation and a
haulageway for the removal of coal or ore. Levels are commonly spaced at
regular depth intervals and are either numbered from the surface or
designated by their elevation below the top of the shaft.
See also:level interval
b. See:mother gate
c. An instrument for establishing a horizontal line or plane. Long
d. The act or process of adjusting something with reference to a
horizontal line. Long
e. In pitch mining, such as anthracite, there may be a number of levels
driven from the same shaft, each being known by its depth from the surface
or by the name of the bed or seam in which it is driven. Jones, 1
f. Applied to seams that run like floors in an office building. Under and
above the seam lie the rock strata. Korson
g. All openings at each of the different horizons from which the orebody
is opened up and mining is started. Higham
h. N.S.W. A drive in a mine. New South Wales
i. In speleology, a series of related passageways in a cave, occurring at
the same relative, vertical position. AGI
j. A gutter for the water to run in. Fay
a. A direction along the strike of an inclined coal seam; a coal seam
contour line. The productive faces in a coal mine, such as stalls and
conveyor faces are, in general, advanced on level course or slightly to
the rise. Nelson
b. Scot. In the direction of the strike of the strata, or at right angles
to the dip and rise. See also:strike; true dip. Fay
A horizontal crosscut. See also:crosscut
A drive that opens up a deposit and makes it accessible along its length
and forms the basis for the division of the deposit into levels.
Stoces
A buck scraper, drag, or any other form of device for smoothing land.
Seelye, 1
a. War. Old coal or ironstone workings at the outcrop, worked by means of
an adit driven into the hillside.
b. A mine that discharges water by gravitation.
The operation of determining the comparative altitude of different points
on the Earth's surface, usually by sighting through a leveling instrument
at one point to a level rod at another point. Also, the finding of a
horizontal line or the establishing of grades (such as for a railway
roadbed) by means of a level. Also spelled levelling. AGI
A surveyor's level bearing a telescope. See also:level
Standard, 2
In leveling, the station is the point at which the staff is held and not
the position of the instrument. The operation is one of carrying forward a
known level, hence the backsight is a reading taken on the staff at a
known elevation and the last sight from each station is called the
foresight. All other readings refer to intermediate sights. Leveling
sections may be referred to bench marks or to arbitrary levels, but in all
cases they must be checked either by closing on the starting point or by
starting and finishing on convenient bench marks. Mason
A graduated rod used in measuring the vertical distance between a point on
the ground and the line of sight of a surveyor's level.
Webster 3rd
a. The vertical distance between the levels turned off the shaft in metal
mines for ore intersection and development. The interval varies but may be
about 150 ft (46 m). Nelson
b. The horizontal distance between levels turned off main development
drifts and varies from 200 to 600 yd (180 to 550 m). Levels are usually
designated by numbers, names, or depth from the surface. Nelson
A crane embodying an automatic device that causes the load to move
horizontally with any alteration of the operating radius. Hammond
Person who operates a surveyor's level. Crispin
A measure of mastery over a process of production; in concrete work, it is
measured by cube crushing strength and the standard deviation therefrom.
See also:statistical uniformity
See:water table
See:level