A hat designed for miners to provide head protection and for holding the
cap lamp. See also:miner's hard cap
A horn or metal spoon used to collect ore particles in gold washing.
Standard, 2
a. The rate of flow of water through an aperture 1 in (2.54 cm) square
under a given pressure, generally taken to be that of water standing 6 in
(15.2 cm) above the top of the aperture. It is not a universal value but
is fixed by statute in several States. A commonly accepted rate is 90 ft
3 /h (2.5 m3 /h), or 1-1/2 ft3 /min (0.042 m
3 /min). CF:sluice head
b. A unit used in California, around 1900, for measuring water flow in
hydraulicking. It represented the outflow from a 1-in2 (6.5-cm
2 ) opening in the side of a box. It varied from 2,000 to 2,600 ft
3 /per day (56.6 to 73.6 m3 /d), according to the height
of water, etc. Nelson
c. The term is not definite without specification of the head or pressure.
It has no fixed meaning and in one locality sometimes is a very different
quantity according to miner's measurement in another locality. It has been
defined as the amount of water that will pass in 24 hours through an
opening 1 in (2.54 cm) square under a head of 6 in. Ricketts
Flow of 1 miner's inch for 24 hours. Mining
a. In nongassy mines, acetylene lamps and various electric lamps; in gassy
mines, approved flame safety lamps, electric hand or cap lamps.
Nelson
b. Any one of a variety of lamps used by a miner to furnish light; e.g.,
oil lamps, carbide lamps, flame safety lamps, electric cap lamps, etc.
Fay
See:pneumoconiosis
A long, slender, tapering, metal rod left in a hole when tamping and
afterwards withdrawn, to provide a passage, to the blasting charge, for
the squib. Fay
An occupational disease that occurs among coal miners, usually those of
middle age or elderly, who have worked for a period of 25 to 30 years
underground. Its physical symptoms consist of difficulty of seeing in the
dark or in poor light, excessive sensitivity to and intolerance of glare,
and a rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs. As a result of these
oscillations, there may be apparent movement of the objects looked at and
defective visual acuity. Associated with these ocular symptoms are other
general disorders, such as headaches and dizziness, particularly after
stooping or bending, and the development of psychoneurotic symptoms is
common in the later stages of the disease. If the disease is not checked,
the nervous disorders may become so severe as to render the miner totally
disabled. Roberts, 2
An oil, producing little smoke, used in miners' wick-fed open lamps.
Fay
See:pan
See:pick
A team of trained mine rescue workers, from five to eight strong; they
operate after explosions, and during and after mine fires.
See also:rescue team
a. An annual permit from the Government to occupy and work mineral land.
b. In California, the right of a miner to dig for precious metals on
public lands, occupied by another for agricultural purposes.
Rules and regulations proclaimed by the miners of any district relating to
the location, recording, and the work necessary to hold possession of a
mining claim. It was the miners' rules of the early days of the mining
industry that were the basis of the present laws. The local mining laws
and regulations of 1849 and later are given in vol. 14, 10th Census of the
United States, 1880, compiled by Clarence King. Fay
A small form of breathing apparatus for protection against carbon
monoxide, worn on a miner's belt. It consists of a canister with a
mouthpiece directly attached to it. The wearer breathes through the mouth,
the nose being closed by a clip. The canister contains a layer of fused
calcium chloride to absorb the water vapor in the air which destroys the
efficiency of the other chemical called hopcalite. The self-rescuer
affords protection for 30 min, so that miners surviving an explosion may
walk out through a mine atmosphere that contains sufficient oxygen but
also a fatal percentage of carbon monoxide.
A metallic wedge or plug for splitting off masses of coal.
Standard, 2
The term used in a coal mining lease as the basis for the price per ton to
be paid for mining. It is not a fixed, unvarying quantity of mine-run
material, but is such a quantity of material as operators and miners may,
from time to time, agree as being necessary or sufficent to produce a ton
of prepared coal. Ricketts
a. The entire unscreened output of a mine. Also called run-of-mine.
Zern
b. The product of the mines before being sized and cleaned. Hudson
c. A product of common or average grade. Webster 3rd
Ungraded coal of mixed sizes as it comes from the mine. Hess
See:book mica
See:mine rescue car