a. Pertaining to or situated on the bank of a body of water, esp. of a
watercourse such as a river; e.g., riparian land situated along or
abutting upon a stream bank, or a riparian owner who lives or has property
on a riverbank. AGI
b. Pertaining to shrubs and trees with root systems that seek deep ground
water, as mesquite and greasewood. AGI
The rights of a person owning land containing or bordering on a
watercourse or other body of water in or to its banks, bed, or waters.
Under common law, a person owning land bordering a nonnavigable stream
owns the bed of the stream and may make reasonable use of its waters.
A strong surface current of short duration flowing seaward from the shore.
It usually appears as a visible band of agitated water and is the return
movement of water piled up on the shore by incoming waves and wind.
Syn:rip tide
A measure of the ease or difficulty with which a rock or earth material
can be broken by tractor-drawn rippers or rigid steel tines into pieces
that can be economically moved by other equipment, usually scrapers.
a. Coal miner who breaks down the roof of a gate road to increase headroom
or breaks down the roof at the ripping lip, or where the roof has sagged
on a roadway due to subsidence. The miner is often paid on yardage of
ripping performed. Also known as brusher; stoneman; repairer.
See also:trenchman; stoneman. Pryor, 3
b. A tool for removing slates, or edging them. Standard, 2
c. An accessory that is either mounted or towed at the rear of a tractor
and generally used in place of blasting as a means of loosening compacted
soils and soft rocks for scraper loading. The ripper has long, angled
teeth that are forced into the ground surface, ripping the earth loose to
a depth of 2 ft (0.6 m) or more. Carson, 1
d. See:rooter
a. A machine for cutting stone into slabs by passing it on a bed under a
gang of saws. Standard, 2
b. The act of breaking, with a tractor-drawn ripper or long-angled steel
tooth, compacted soils or rock into pieces small enough to be economically
excavated or moved by other equipment such as a scraper or bulldozer.
c. The breaking down of the roof in mine roadways to increase the headroom
for haulage, traffic, and ventilation. See also:brushing;
second ripping. Nelson
A machine for cutting stone into slabs by passing it on a bed under a gang
of saws. Standard, 2
Where coal seams are worked by the longwall method it is necessary to
maintain roadways leading to the face. These roadways should be of
sufficient height to permit the easy passage of workers and materials, and
this invariably means that some of the stone above the coal must be
removed. This operation is known as ripping, and, unless the roof strata
are very soft, blasting will be required. The main considerations in
ripping blasting are to keep the sides of the roadway square, and to
obtain good fragmentation of the stone so that it can be removed easily.
McAdam, 2
A timber, or timber and steel structure, to provide support at the ripping
lip. There are various types: one consists of bent corrugated steel bars
behind which wooden planks are wedged; another consists of adjustable
stretchers that are fitted across the roadway. See also:roadhead
Nelson
a. The edge of the rippings at the face of a roadway. When enlarging a
roadway, the ripping lip is the end of the enlarged section and where work
is proceeding. See also:forepoling girder
b. The edge of the nether roof at a gate end at the point up to which the
ripping has been taken. TIME
A staging or platform erected over the moving conveyor at a ripping lip of
a gate road, on which the miners can stand and work. This implies that the
coalface and conveyor loading point are some distance ahead.
Nelson
A means of repairing damaged belting. It consists of two short plates,
with teeth on one side to grip the belting, which are fastened on both
sides of the belting across the rip or worn place. Short bolts and nuts
serve to compress and hold the plates tightly against the belting.
Jones, 1
A groove or bar across sluices for washing gold. See also:riffle
An inclined trough having grooves or strips across its bottom to catch
fine gold. See also:riffle
The ratio of wavelength to amplitude of a ripple mark. It usually ranges
from 6 to 22 for ripples produced by water currents or waves and from 20
to 50 for ripples produced by wind. Syn:ripple-mark index
a. An undulatory surface or surface sculpture consisting of alternating
subparallel small-scale ridges and hollows formed at the interface between
a fluid and incoherent sedimentary material (esp. loose sand). It is
produced on land by wind action and subaqueously by currents or by the
agitation of water in wave action, and generally trends at right angles or
obliquely to the direction of flow of the moving fluid. It is no longer
regarded as evidence solely of shallow water. AGI
b. One of the small and fairly regular ridges, of various shapes and cross
sections, produced on a ripple-marked surface; esp. a ripple preserved in
consolidated rock and useful in determining the environment of deposition.
The term was formerly restricted to symmetrical ripple mark, but now
includes asymmetrical ripple mark. The singular form may be used to denote
general ripple structure (as well as a specific ripple), and the plural
form to describe a particular example.
See:ripple index
The alternating component of a substantially unidirectional voltage.
Coal Age, 1
a. A layer of large, durable fragments of broken rock, specially selected
and graded, thrown together irregularly (as offshore or on a soft bottom)
or fitted together (as on the upstream face of a dam). Its purpose is to
prevent erosion by waves or currents and thereby preserve the shape of a
surface, slope, or underlying structure. It is used for irrigation
channels, river-improvement works, spillways at dams, and sea walls for
shore protection. AGI
b. The stone used for riprap. AGI
See:rip current
a. A vertical or inclined shaft from a lower to an upper level in a mine.
See also:upraise; raise. Eng. Min. J., 1
b. To dig upward, as from one level to the next one above; opposite of
sink. Standard, 2
c. Upward inclination of a coal stratum. Standard, 2
d. An ascending gallery at the end of a level. See also:hade
Gordon